Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory (614)
Profile for Claire Parkinson
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| Title: | Goddard Senior Fellow |
|---|---|
| Affiliation: | NASA |
| Contact: |
E-mail Code 614.1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 20771 Office Phone: 301-614-5715 Fax: 301-614-5644 |
Overview
Dr. Parkinson has worked at NASA Goddard since July 1978, with a research emphasis on polar sea ice and its connections to the rest of the climate system and to climate change. Much of her work has involved the analysis of sea ice from satellite data, and she is the lead author of an atlas of Arctic sea ice from satellite data and a coauthor of two other sea ice atlases. She has also developed a numerical model of sea ice and has done field work in both the Arctic and the Antarctic. Since April 1993, she has additionally been Project Scientist for the Aqua satellite mission, which launched in May 2002 and is transmitting data on many atmospheric, ocean, land, and ice variables. She has written or cowritten several books, including an introductory text on examining the Earth with satellite imagery, a book on climate modeling, and a book on the history of western science from 1202 to 1930. She speaks frequently to teacher and student groups regarding Earth sciences and satellite remote sensing. She is a member of the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NAE).
Books
Zwally, H. J., J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, W. J. Campbell, F. D. Carsey, and P. Gloersen, 1983: Antarctic Sea Ice, 1973-1976: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations, NASA SP-459, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 206 pp.
Parkinson, C. L., 1985: Breakthroughs: A Chronology of Great Achievements in Science and Mathematics, G. K. Hall, Boston, 576 pp.
Washington, W. M., and C. L. Parkinson, 1986: An Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling, University Science Books, Mill Valley, California, and Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 422 pp. [Translated into Chinese, 1991. Second edition, 2005, University Science Books, Sausalito, California, 353 pp.]
Parkinson, C. L., J. C. Comiso, H. J. Zwally, D. J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, and W. J. Campbell, 1987: Arctic Sea Ice, 1973-1976: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations, NASA SP-489, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 296 pp.
Gloersen, P., W. J. Campbell, D. J. Cavalieri, J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, and H. J. Zwally, 1992: Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations and Analysis, NASA SP-511, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 290 pp.
Gurney, R. J., J. L. Foster, and C. L. Parkinson, editors, 1993: Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 470 pp.
Parkinson, C. L., 1997: Earth from Above: Using Color-Coded Satellite Images to Examine the Global Environment, University Science Books, Sausalito, California, 176 pp.
Parkinson, C. L., and R. Greenstone, editors, 2000: EOS Data Products Handbook, Volume 2: ACRIMSAT, Aqua, Jason-1, Landsat 7, Meteor 3M/SAGE III, QuikScat, QuikTOMS, and VCL, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 253 pp.
Additional Refereed Publications
Parkinson, C. L., 1973: Ambivalence in alternating symmetric groups, The American Mathematical Monthly, 80, 190-192.
Harton, L., Jr., C. L. Parkinson, and L. Brown, 1974: Annotated Bibliography of Geographic Diffusion Studies, Studies in the Diffusion of Innovations, Discussion Paper No. 11, Department of Geography, Ohio State University, 44 pp.
Hughes, T., C. Parkinson, and H. Brecher, 1974: Ice dynamics study of a glacial surge induced by the August 1970 eruption on Deception Island, Antarctica, Andean and Antarctic Volcanology Problems, proceedings of a symposium held in Santiago, Chile, September 1974, International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, 112-133.
Washington, W. M., A. J. Semtner, Jr., C. L. Parkinson, and L. Morrison, 1976: On the development of a seasonal change sea-ice model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 6, 679-685.
Parkinson, C. L., 1978: A theoretical study of the latitudinal variation of time-integrated water albedos, Discussion Paper No. 62, Department of Geography, Ohio State University, 29 pp.
Parkinson, C. L., and W. M. Washington, 1979: A large-scale numerical model of sea ice, Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 311-337.
Parkinson, C. L., and W. W. Kellogg, 1979: Arctic sea ice decay simulated for a CO2-induced temperature rise, Climatic Change, 2, 149-162.
Parkinson, C. L., and W. M. Washington, 1980: Summary of a large-scale sea-ice model, Sea Ice Processes and Models (edited by R. S. Pritchard), University of Washington Press, Seattle, 224-233.
Parkinson, C. L., and G. F. Herman, 1980: Sea ice simulations based on fields generated by the GLAS GCM, Monthly Weather Review, 108, 2080-2091.
Crawford, J. P., and C. L. Parkinson, 1981: Wintertime microwave observations of the North Water polynya, Oceanography from Space (edited by J.F.R. Gower), Plenum Press, N.Y., 839-844.
Cavalieri, D. J., and C. L. Parkinson, 1981: Large-scale variations in observed Antarctic sea ice extent and associated atmospheric circulation, Monthly Weather Review, 109 (11), 2323-2336.
Parkinson, C. L., and D. J. Cavalieri, 1982: Interannual sea-ice variations and sea-ice/atmosphere interactions in the southern ocean, 1973-1975, Annals of Glaciology, 3, 249-254.
Parkinson, C. L., and A. J. Gratz, 1983: On the seasonal sea ice cover of the Sea of Okhotsk, Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 2793-2802.
Martin, S., P. Kauffman, and C. Parkinson, 1983: The movement and decay of ice edge bands in the winter Bering Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 2803-2812.
Parkinson, C. L., 1983: On the development and cause of the Weddell polynya in a sea ice simulation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 13, 501-511.
Zwally, H. J., C. L. Parkinson, and J. C. Comiso, 1983: Variability of Antarctic sea ice and changes in carbon dioxide, Science, 220, 1005-1012.
Parkinson, C. L., and R. A. Bindschadler, 1984: Response of Antarctic sea ice to uniform atmospheric temperature increases, Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity (edited by J. E. Hansen and T. Takahashi), Maurice EwingSeries, vol. 5, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 254-264.
Ling, C. H., and C. L. Parkinson, 1986: Arctic sea ice extent and drift, modeled as a viscous fluid, Ocean Science and Engineering, 11, 71-98.
Parkinson, C. L., J. C. Comiso, H. J. Zwally, D. J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, and W. J. Campbell, 1987: Seasonal and regional variations of northern hemisphere sea ice as illustrated with satellite passive-microwave data for 1974, Annals of Glaciology, 9, 119-126.
Cavalieri, D. J., and C. L. Parkinson, 1987: On the relationship between atmospheric circulation and the fluctuations in the sea ice extents of the Bering and Okhotsk seas, Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 7141-7162.
Parkinson, C. L., 1987: Paradigm transitions in mathematics, Philosophia Mathematica, II, 2, 127-150.
Crowley, T. J., and C. L. Parkinson, 1988: Late Pleistocene variations in Antarctic sea ice I: Effect of orbital insolation changes, Climate Dynamics, 3, 85-91.
Crowley, T. J., and C. L. Parkinson, 1988: Late Pleistocene variations in Antarctic sea ice II: Effect of interhemispheric deep-ocean heat exchange, Climate Dynamics, 3, 93-103.
Parkinson, C. L., 1989: On the value of long-term satellite passive microwave data sets for sea ice/climate studies, GeoJournal, 18, 9-20.
Parkinson, C. L., 1989: Dangers of multiyear averaging in analyses of long-term climate trends, Climate Dynamics, 4, 39-44.
Parkinson, C. L., and D. J. Cavalieri, 1989: Arctic sea ice 1973-1987: Seasonal, regional, and interannual variability, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94(C10), 14,499-14,523.
Parkinson, C. L., 1990: Search for the Little Ice Age in Southern Ocean sea-ice records, Annals of Glaciology, 14, 221-225.
Parkinson, C. L., 1990: The impact of the Siberian High and Aleutian Low on the sea-ice cover of the Sea of Okhotsk, Annals of Glaciology, 14, 226-229.
Parkinson, C. L., 1991: Interannual variability of the spatial distribution of sea ice in the north polar region, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96 (C3), 4791-4801.
Parkinson, C. L., 1991: Interannual variability of monthly sea ice distributions in the north polar region, International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change: Proceedings, June 11-15, 1990, Fairbanks, Alaska (edited by G. Weller, C. L. Wilson, and B. A. B. Severin), Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, vol.1, 71-78.
Parkinson, C. L., 1991: Strengths and weaknesses of sea ice as a potential early indicator of climate change, International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change: Proceedings, June 11-15, 1990, Fairbanks, Alaska (edited by G. Weller, C. L. Wilson, and B. A. B. Severin), Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, vol.1, 17-21.
Parkinson, C. L., 1992: Interannual variability of monthly Southern Ocean sea ice distributions, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97 (C4), 5349-5363.
Parkinson, C. L., 1992: Spatial patterns of increases and decreases in the length of the sea ice season in the north polar region, 1979-1986, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97 (C9), 14,377-14,388.
Parkinson, C. L., 1992: Southern Ocean sea-ice distributions and extents, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 338, 243-250.
Gloersen, P., W. J. Campbell, D. J. Cavalieri, J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, and H. J. Zwally, 1993: Satellite passive microwave observations and analysis of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, 1978-1987, Annals of Glaciology, 17, 149-154.
Parkinson, C. L., and P. Gloersen, 1993: Global sea ice coverage, Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change (edited by R. J. Gurney, J. L. Foster, and C. L. Parkinson), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 371-383.
Foster, J. L., and C. L. Parkinson, 1993: Indications and effects of human activities, Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change (edited by R. J. Gurney, J. L. Foster, and C. L. Parkinson), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 425-443.
Parkinson, C. L., 1993: Southern Ocean sea-ice distributions and extents, Antarctica and Environmental Change (edited by D. J. Drewry, R. M. Laws, and J. A. Pyle), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 43-50. [Republication from the 1992 Transactions of the Royal Society, 338, 243-250.]
Parkinson, C. L., 1994: Spatial patterns in the length of the sea ice season in the Southern Ocean, 1979-1986, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(C8), 16,327-16,339.
Rind, D., R. Healy, C. Parkinson, and D. Martinson, 1995: The role of sea ice in 2 x CO2 climate model sensitivity. Part 1: The total influence of sea ice thickness and extent, Journal of Climate, 8(3), 449-463.
Parkinson, C. L., 1995: Recent sea ice advances in Baffin Bay/Davis Strait and retreats in the Bellingshausen Sea, Annals of Glaciology, 21, 348-352.
Parkinson, C. L., 1995: Satellite sensing of Antarctic sea ice, Space and Atmospheric Sciences in Antarctica (edited by E. B. Pereira and V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff), Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), Sao JosÈ dos Campos, 87-105.
Parkinson, C. L., 1996: Louis Agassiz, Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather (edited by S. H. Schneider), Oxford University Press, New York, 1, 19-20.
Parkinson, C. L., 1996: James Croll, Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather (edited by S. H. Schneider), Oxford University Press, New York, 1, 207-208.
Parkinson, C. L., 1996: Sea ice, Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather (edited by S. H. Schneider), Oxford University Press, New York, 2, 669-675.
Comiso, J. C., D. J. Cavalieri, C. L. Parkinson, and P. Gloersen, 1997: Passive microwave algorithms for sea ice concentration: A comparison of two techniques, Remote Sensing of the Environment, 60(3), 357-384.
Parkinson, C. L., 1997: Ice sheets and sea level rise, PUMAS: The On-Line Journal of Math and Science Examples, 02_10_97_1, PUMAS Collection, http://pumas.jpl.nasa.gov.
Rind, D., R. Healy, C. Parkinson, and D. Martinson, 1997: The role of sea ice in 2 x CO2 climate model sensitivity: Part II: Hemispheric dependencies, Geophysical Research Letters, 24 (no.12), 1491-1494.
Cavalieri, D. J., P. Gloersen, C. L. Parkinson, J. C. Comiso, and H. J. Zwally, 1997: Observed hemispheric asymmetry in global sea ice changes, Science, 278, 1104-1106.
Parkinson, C. L., 1998: Length of the sea ice season in the Southern Ocean, 1988-1994, in Antarctic Sea Ice Physical Properties, Interactions and Variability (edited by M. O. Jeffries), Antarctic Research Series, vol. 74, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp.173-186.
Barron, E. J., D. Battisti, R. E. Davis, R. E. Dickinson, T. R. Karl, J. T. Kiehl, D. G. Martinson, C. L. Parkinson, S. W. Running, E. S. Sarachik, S. Sorooshian, K. E. Taylor, and P. J. Webster, 1998: Climate and climate change research entering the twenty-first century, in The Atmospheric Sciences Entering the Twenty-First Century, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pp.272-324.
Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, J. C. Comiso, and H. J. Zwally, 1999: Deriving long-term time series of sea ice cover from satellite passive-microwave multisensor data sets, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C7), 15,803-15,814.
Parkinson, C. L., D. J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, H. J. Zwally, and J. C. Comiso, 1999: Arctic sea ice extents, areas, and trends, 1978-1996, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C9), 20,837-20,856.
Gloersen, P., C. L. Parkinson, D. J. Cavalieri, J. C. Comiso, and H. J. Zwally, 1999: Spatial distribution of trends and seasonality in the hemispheric sea ice covers: 1978-1996, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C9), 20,827-20,835.
Vinnikov, K. Y., A. Robock, R. J. Stouffer, J. E. Walsh, C. L. Parkinson, D. J. Cavalieri, J. F. B. Mitchell, D. Garrett, and V. F. Zakharov, 1999: Global warming and Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent, Science, 286, 1934-1937.
Vinnikov, K. Y., A. Robock, R. J. Stouffer, J. E. Walsh, C. L. Parkinson, D. J. Cavalieri, J. F. B. Mitchell, D. Garrett, and V. F. Zakharov, 2000: Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent: Response to comments by Moritz and Bitz, Science, 288, 927a, available at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5468/927a.
Parkinson, C. L., 2000: Variability of Arctic sea ice: The view from space, an 18-year record, Arctic, 53(4), 341-358.
Parkinson, C. L., 2000: Recent trend reversals in Arctic sea ice extents: Possible connections to the North Atlantic Oscillation, Polar Geography, 24(1), 1-12.
Parkinson, C. L., D. Rind, R. J. Healy, and D. G. Martinson, 2001: The impact of sea ice concentration accuracies on climate model simulations with the GISS GCM, Journal of Climate, 14(12), 2606-2623.
Folland, C. K., T. R. Karl, and 148 other authors, including C. L. Parkinson, 2001: Chapter 2. Observed climate variability and change, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [ed. by J. T. Houghton, et al.], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp.99-181.
Stocker, T. F., G. K. C. Clarke, and 65 other authors, including C. L. Parkinson, 2001: Chapter 7. Physical climate processes and feedbacks, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [ed. by J. T. Houghton, et al.], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp.417-470.
Parkinson, C. L., 2001: Satellite passive microwave measurements of sea ice, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (edited by J. H. Steele, K. K. Turekian, and S. A. Thorpe), Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, volume 5, 2531-2539.
Parkinson, C. L., 2002: Agassiz, Louis, in Encyclopedia of Global Change: Environmental Change and Human Society (editor in chief A. S. Goudie), Oxford University Press, New York, volume 1, 10-12.
Parkinson, C. L., 2002: Arctic Ocean, in Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (volume edited by M. C. MacCracken and J. S. Perry, with editor-in-chief for the full Encyclopedia T. Munn), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom, vol.1, pp.199-201.
Vinnikov, K. Y., A. Robock, D. J. Cavalieri, and C. L. Parkinson, 2002: Analysis of seasonal cycles in climatic trends with application to satellite observations of sea ice extent, Geophysical Research Letters, 29 (9), 4 pp., 10.1029/2001GL014481.
Zwally, H. J., J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, D. J. Cavalieri, and P. Gloersen, 2002: Variability of Antarctic sea ice 1979-1998, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107 (C5), 21 pp., 10.1029/2000JC000733.
Parkinson, C. L., and D. J. Cavalieri, 2002: A 21 year record of Arctic sea-ice extents and their regional, seasonal and monthly variability and trends, Annals of Glaciology, 34, 441-446.
Parkinson, C. L., 2002: Trends in the length of the Southern Ocean sea-ice season, 1979-99, Annals of Glaciology, 34, 435-440.
Parkinson, C. L., 2003: Aqua: An Earth-observing satellite mission to examine water and other climate variables, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41 (2), 173-183.
Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, and K. Y. Vinnikov, 2003: 30-Year satellite record reveals contrasting Arctic and Antarctic decadal sea ice variability, Geophysical Research Letters, 30 (18), 1970, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018031.
Vaughan, D. G., G. J. Marshall, W. M. Connolley, C. Parkinson, R. Mulvaney, D. A. Hodgson, J. C. King. C. J. Pudsey, and J. Turner, 2003: Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula, Climatic Change, 60, 243-274.
Comiso, J. C. and C. L. Parkinson, 2004: Satellite-observed changes in the Arctic, Physics Today, 57 (8), 38-44. (Translated into Japanese and published in Japanese as the cover story in the August 2005 issue of the magazine Parity.)
Parkinson, C. L., 2004: Southern Ocean sea ice and its wider linkages: Insights revealed from models and observations, Antarctic Science, 16 (4), 387-400.
Vinnikov, K. Y., D. J. Cavalieri, and C. L. Parkinson, 2006: A model assessment of satellite observed trends in polar sea ice extents, Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L05704, doi:10.1029/2005GL025282.
Stirling, I., and C. L. Parkinson, 2006: Possible effects of climate warming on selected populations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic, Arctic, in press.
Parkinson, C. L., and D. J. Cavalieri, 2006: Sea Ice, in Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World: State of the Earth's Cryosphere at the Beginning of the 21st century (edited by R. S. Williams, Jr., and J. G. Ferrigno), in press.
Selected Publications
Cavalieri, D.J., and C.L. Parkinson (2008). Antarctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2006. J. Geophys. Res., 113(C07004), 19 pp
10.1029/2007JC004564
Comiso, J.C., C.L. Parkinson, R. Gersten, and L. Stock (2008). Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover.. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(L01703), 6 pp
10.1029/2007GL031972
Comiso, J.C., and C.L. Parkinson (2008). Arctic sea ice parameters from AMSR-E data using two techniques and comparisons with sea ice from SSM/I. J. Geophys. Res., 113(C02S05), 16 pp
10.1029/2007JC004255
Parkinson, C.L., and J.C. Comiso (2008). Antarctic sea ice parameters from AMSR-E data using two techniques and comparisons with sea ice from SSM/I. J. Geophys. Res., 113(C02S06), 15 pp
10.1029/2007JC004253
Parkinson, C.L., and D.J. Cavalieri (2008). Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2006. J. Geophys. Res., 113(C07003), 28 pp
10.1029/2007JC004558
Parkinson, C.L. (2008). Changes in polar sea ice coverage. In M.C. MacCracken, F. Moore, and J.C. Topping, Jr. (Ed.), Sudden and Disruptive Climate Change: Exploring the Real Risks and How We Can Avoid Them (pp. 49-62). London: Earthscan
King, M.D., C.L. Parkinson, K.C. Partington, R.G. Williams, and editors (2007). . Cambridge Univ. Press, 391 pp
Koeln, G.T., Y. Naficy, and C.L. Parkinson (2007). Chronicling the destruction of Eden: The draining of the Iraqi marshes. In M.D. King, C.L. Parkinson, K.C. Partington, and R.G. Williams (Ed.), Our Changing Planet: The View From Space (312-319). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge Univ. Press
Parkinson, C.L. (2007). Bound together: Arctic sea ice, ocean, and atmosphere. In M.D. King, C.L. Parkinson, K.C. Partington, and R.G. Williams (Ed.), Our Changing Planet: The View From Space (232-237). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge Univ. Press
Parkinson, C.L. (2007). The Great White Ocean: The Arctic’s changing sea ice cover. In M.D. King, C.L. Parkinson, K.C. Partington, and R.G. Williams (Ed.), Our Changing Planet: The View From Space (226-231). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge Univ. Press
Ukita, J., M. Honda, H. Nakamura, Y. Tachibana, D.J. Cavalieri, C.L. Parkinson, H. Koide, and K. Yamamoto (2007). Northern Hemisphere sea ice variability: Lag structure and its implications. Tellus, 59A, 261-272
Parkinson, C.L., K.Y. Vinnikov, and D.J. Cavalieri (2006). Evaluation of the simulation of the annual cycle of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice coverages by 11 major global climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C7)
10.1029/2005JC003408
Parkinson, C.L., A. Ward, M.D. King, and editors (2006). . National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 277 pp
Parkinson, C.L. (2006). Earth's cryosphere: Current state and recent changes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 31, 33-60
Stirling, I., and C.L. Parkinson (2006). Possible effects of climate warming on selected populatious of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic. Arctic, 59(3), 261-275
Vinnikov, K.Y., D.J. Cavalieri, and C.L. Parkinson (2006). A model assessment of satellite observed trends in polar sea ice extents. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(L05704)
10.1029/2005GL025282
Washington, W.M., and C.L. Parkinson (2005). . Univ. Sci. Books, Second Edition, 353 pp
Comiso, J.C., and C.L. Parkinson (2004). Satellite-observed changes in the Arctic. Physics Today, 57(8), 38-44
Parkinson, C.L. (2004). Southern Ocean sea ice and its wider linkages: insights revealed from models and observtions. Ant. Science, 16(4), 387-400
10.1017/S0954102004002214
Cavalieri, D.J., C.L. Parkinson, and K.Y. Vinnikov (2003). 30-Year satellite record reveals contrasting Arctic and Antarctic decadal sea ice variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(18), 4-1 - 4-4, 1970
10.1029/2003GL018031
Parkinson, C.L. (2003). Aqua: An Earth-observing satellite mission to examine water and other climate variables. IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sens, 41(2), 173-183
Parkinson, C.L., M.T. Chahine, C.D. Kummerow, and V.V. Salomonson (2003). Foreword to the EOS Aqua Special Issue. IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sens., 41(2), 172
Vaughan, D.G., G.J. Marshall, W.M. Connolley, C.L. Parkinson, R. Mulvaney, D.A. Hodgson, J.C. King, C.J. Pudsey, and J. Turner (2003). Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. Climatic Change, 60, 243-274
Parkinson, C.L., and D.J. Cavalieri (2002). A 21 year record of Arctic sea-ice extents and their regional, seasonal and monthly variability and trends. Ann. Glaciol., 34, 441-446
Parkinson, C.L. (2002). Arctic Ocean. In M.C. MacCracken and J.S. Perry (Ed.), The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (199-201). Chichester, United Kingdom: Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change
Parkinson, C.L. (2002). Trends in the length of the Southern Ocean sea-ice season, 1979-99. Ann. Glaciol., 34, 435-440
Vinnikov, K.Y., A. Robock, D.J. Cavalieri, and C.L. Parkinson (2002). Analysis of seasonal cycles in climatic trends with application to satellite observations of sea ice extent. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 24-1 - 24-4, 3041
10.1029/2001GL014481
Zwally, H.J., J.C. Comiso, C.L. Parkinson, D.J. Cavalieri, and P. Gloersen (2002). Variability of Antarctic sea ice 1979-1998. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C5), 9-1 - 9-21
10.1029/2000JC000733
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