EDUCATION:
-Bachelor of Science, 1974, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
-Master of Science in Physics, 1976, Univ. of Helsinki
-Licentiate of Philosophy in Nuclear Physics, 1978, Univ. of
Helsinki
-Doctorate of Philosophy in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 1984,
Florida State University, Tallahassee
EMPLOYMENT:
6/1985 - 8/1987-Resident Research Associate at the NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center
9/1987 - 6/1988-Scientist in Universities Space Research
Association at NASA GSFC
7/1988-11/1990-Research Staff at Princeton University
12/1990- Oceanographer at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
RESEARCH INTERESTS:
- Dynamics and thermodynamics of high latitude oceans
- Convection, water mass formation, thermohaline circulation
in the North Atlantic Ocean
- carbon cycle
PUBLICATIONS:
Hakkinen, S., 2001: Surface salinity variability in the
northern North Atlantic during recent decades, submitted to J. Geophys.
Res.
Hakkinen, S., and K.C. Mo, 2001: Low-frequency variability of
the tropical Atlantic Ocean, J. Climate (in press)
Steele, M., W. Ermold, S. Hakkinen, D. Holland, G. Holloway,
M. Karcher, F. Kauker, W. Maslowski, N. Steiner, and J. Zhang, 2001:
Adrift in the Beaufort Gyre: A model intercomparison, Geophys. Res.
Lett.,
(in press)
Mo, K.C., and S. Hakkinen, 2001: Decadal variations in the
tropical South Atlantic and linkages to the Pacific, Geophys. Res.
Lett.,
28, 2065-2068.
Mo, K.C, and S. Hakkinen, 2001; Interannual variability in the
tropical Atlantic, J. Climate, 14, 2740-2762.
Cavalieri, D.J., and S. Hakkinen, 2001: Arctic climate and
atmospheric planetary waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 791-794.
Hakkinen, S., 2001: Variability in sea surface height: A
qualitative measure for the meridional overturning in the North
Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 13837-13848.
Mellor, G.L, S. Hakkinen, T. Ezer, and R. Pazan, 2001: A
generalization of a sigma coordinate ocean model and an
intercomparison of model vertical grids, in Ocean Forecasting:
Theory and Practice, N. Pinardi and J.D.Woods, eds., Springer-Verlag,
55-72. Pub.,
Geiger, C.A., Y. Zhao, A.K. Liu, and S. Hakkinen, 2000: Large-
scale compatibility between buoy and SSM/I drift and deformation
in the Eurasian Basin during winter 1992-1993, J. Geophys. Res.,
105, 3357-3368.
Hakkinen, S., 2000: Decadal air-sea interaction in the North
Atlantic based on observations and modeling results, J. Climate,
13, 1195-1219.
Hakkinen, S. and C.A. Geiger, 2000: Simulated low frequency
modes of circulation in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105,
6549-6564.
Hakkinen, S, 1999: Variability of the simulated meridional
heat transport in the North Atlantic for the period 1951-1993, J.
Geophys. Res., 104, 10991-11007.
Mauritzen, C. and S. Hakkinen, 1999: On the relationship
between dense water formation and the "Meridional Overturning
Cell", Deep Sea Res. I, 46, 877-894.
Hakkinen, S., 1999, An idealized Great Salinity Anomaly
simulation using a coupled ocean and ice model for the Arctic and
North Atlantic Oceans, J. Climate, 12, 1781-1795.
Randall, D., J. Curry, D. Battisti, G. Flato, R. Grumbine, S.
Hakkinen, D. Martinson, R. Preller, J. Walsh, and J. Weatherly,
1998, Status and outlook for large-scale modeling of atmosphere-
ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic, Bull. of Am. Met. Soc., 79,
197-219.
Mauritzen, C. and S. Hakkinen, 1997: Influence of the sea ice
on the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean,
Geophys. Res. Lett. , 24, 3257-3260.
Hakkinen, S., 1995: Seasonal simulation of the Southern Ocean
coupled ice-ocean system, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22733-22748.
Hakkinen, S., 1995: Simulated interannual variability of the
Greenland Sea deep water mass formation and its connection to
surface forcing, J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100, 4761-4770.
Mellor, G.L., and S. Hakkinen, 1994: 'Coupled ice-ocean
modeling', in The Polar Oceans and their Role in Shaping the Global
environment, (ed. O.M. Johannessen, R. Muench and J. Overland),
an AGU Monograph 85 on Nansen Centennial Symposium, pp 21- 31.
Hakkinen S. 1993, An Arctic source for the Great Salinity
Anomaly: A simulation of the Arctic Ice-ocean system for 1955-
1975, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,397-16,410.
Liu A.K., S. Hakkinen and C.Y. Peng, 1993, Wave effects on ice-
ocean interaction in the marginal ice zone, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
10,025-10,036.
Hakkinen, S. and G.L. Mellor, 1992, Modeling the seasonal
variability of the coupled Arctic ice-ocean system, J. Geophys.
Res., 97, 20285-20304.
Hakkinen, S., G.L. Mellor and L.H. Kantha, 1992, Modeling deep
convection in the Greenland Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5389-5408.
Hakkinen, S., 1991, "Models and their applications in polar
oceanography" in Polar Oceanography (ed. W.O. Smith), Pergamon
Press.
Hakkinen, S., and G. L. Mellor, One hundred years of Arctic ice
cover variations as simulated by a one-dimensional coupled ice-
ocean model, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 15,959-15,969, (1990).
Hakkinen, S. and D.J. Cavalieri, A study of oceanic surface heat
fluxes in the Greenland, Norwegian and Barents Seas, J. Geophys.
Res., 94, 6145-5158, (1989).
Crowley, T.J. and S. Hakkinen, A new mechanism for
decreasing North-Atlantic deep water production rates during
pleistocene, Paleoceanography, 3, 249-258 (1988).
Hakkinen, S., A note on deep water production via a "chimney"
formation in the ice edge regions, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8279-8282
(1988).
Hakkinen, S., A coupled dynamic-thermodynamic model of an
ice-ocean system in the marginal ice zone, J. Geophys. Res., 92,
9469-9478 (1987).
Hakkinen, S., Upwelling at the ice edge: A mechanism for deep
water formation?, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5031-5034 (1987).
Hakkinen, S., A constitutive law for sea ice and some
applications, Mathl. Modelling, 9, 81-90 (1987).
Hakkinen, S., Feedback between ice flow, barotropic flow and
baroclinic flow in the presence of bottom topography, J. Geophys.
Res., 92, 3807-3820, (1987).
Hakkinen, S., Ice banding as a response of the coupled ice-
ocean system to temporally varying winds, J. Geophys. Res., 91,
5047-5053, (1986).
Hakkinen, S.: Coupled ice-ocean dynamics in the marginal ice
zones: Up/down-welling and eddy generation, J. Geophys. Res., 91,
819-832, (1986).
Hakkinen, S.: Computation of sea level variations during
December 1975 and 1 to 17 September 1977 using numerical
models of the Baltic Sea, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 33, 158-175 (1980).
Green, A.M., J.A. Niskanen and S. Hakkinen: P + P -> D + p+ P-
wave production, Phys. Lett., 61B, 18-20 (1976).